ANNIs Baby :: essays research papers

I read an autobiography in the form of a diary. I found that because it was written in the form of a diary it gave me a much better idea as to what the main character was thinking. The plot of this story is about a girl who life is going fine until she meets this supposedly wonderful guy. Before long things go bad and he becomes sexually, physically and mentally abusive. Annie stays with Danny and soon becomes pregnant. Before she knows it she's a Mom. She realizes in the end that she simply cannot give her baby everything it deserves so she gives it to a loving couple who is unable to have children. Her mom gets a new job they move away and get on with their lives. The main character in book is Annie. She is fairly attractive with blue eyes, dirty blonde hair and a slender build. She is 14 years old and involved in tennis and soccer. Danny the other important character in this book is 16 tall, dark and handsome. And a major strength on the boys' football team. He has a part time job at his father's restaurant. Annie's mother is very supportive and loving. She teaches at a local high school. (She plays a minor role) Mary Ann is Annie's baby she enters later on in the story. She was born 2 months premature and does what a typical baby dose. Well one of the first conflicts that arises is between Annie and Danny. One night they decided to go to a party, on the way home Danny insisted on having sex, Annie refused. After a short while Danny became impacient and tried to rape Annie, he was not successful .I don't know how but she forgave him and continued to date him. One night on the way out somewhere Danny mysteriously remembered that he had forgot something at home. So they returned to his house once there Danny demanded that Annie strip for him. When she refused he became furious, started calling her every name in the book and became violent. He then forced himself upon her and raped her viciously. When he was done he through her out as if she were yesterdays trash. After all this their relationship continued so did the violence and the sex. Before long Annie became pregnant, Danny refused to admit the Baby was his.

A Look At Greek Lyric Poetry And John Cage Essay

Music goes beyond language barriers; it speaks no language but that of the heart. However, like all art forms it has tenets and principles as to what is good music and what is simply noise. How about when artists claim that their works are music when it seems that these are perceived to be avant garde, not the kind of music that dominates the cultural period and worse, does not come from tradition? This paper seeks to take a look at the music in Hellenistic Greece, in particular a lyric by one of its known muses, Sappho, with her only surviving complete work, Ode to Aphrodite, and compare it with what is considered to be experimental composition from John Cage, his 4’33†. Both pieces were meant to be performed – although how these are performed also raised questions. Ancient Greece is revered to be a center of learning, where arts and culture flourished. It was one of the places where the earliest treatises on the different art forms were written, and they were keen to what constituted good and bad art, giving raise even to debates as to what is the function of art. Plato was known to promote the arts that will inspire people’s thinking, not their emotions, for he considered human emotions a weakness, and also because during that time musical scales developed from the study of the harmony in the universe, the mathematical equations used by the Pythagoreans (Henderson, 1957). It was because of this that he did not approve of the poets’ lyrics, because it deviated from the musical modes they were used to and relied on what sounded good to the ear, making music became accessible to the people (Anderson, 1966). Sappho was one of those poets whose lyric poetry when sung communicated the love and sensuality it contained, as with her work Ode to Aphrodite, deviating from their traditionally highly mathematically composed melodies where people were supposed to be quiet and listen to rigidly, for her lyric love poems were made to be felt and inspire emotion. In this way, Sappho, and her contemporary poets at the time helped create a turn for Greek music. Like Sappho, John Cage contributed to music with his compositions, characterized as avant-garde especially his chance pieces. However, his work that challenged perceptions and definition of music is his notorious 4’33†, a piece where for four minutes and thirty-three seconds the orchestra plays nothing. John Cage wrote this piece when he realized that there will always be sound, and deliberately wrote â€Å"Tacet†, to instruct the musician not to play. What Cage wanted for the audience to hear was the different sounds that occur during the interval the piece is played – all the various sounds that one does not pay attention to because they listen to something else. This is different from silence, unless the figuratively the sound of silence, since Cage’s point was that there is always sound if one listens intently (Cage, 1973). Both Sappho and Cage’s music differed from one another in that Sappho was expressing herself through her poetry, while Cage was making the listener turn to his environment. Although created in different environment and cultures, both musical pieces can be interpreted in a personal way, making it a unique experience. Sappho’s Ode to Aphrodite can mean something else to a modern listener than it used to in ancient Greece, and of course Cage’s 4’33† would always conjure something unique for each individual. What this shows us is that although music is made in a certain era, it can transcend the boundaries of time as long as it resonates with what is human and universal, as an appreciation for the sounds around us and those that speak of love, and that although music is governed by principles of what makes it good, it will always be a matter of personal experience. SOURCES: Anderson, W. (1966). Ethos and Education in Greek Music. Cambridge, HUP. Cage, John. (1973). Silence: Lectures and Writings, Wesleyan Paperback. Henderson, Isobel (1957). â€Å"Ancient Greek Music† in The New Oxford History of Music, vol. 1: Ancient and Oriental Music,† Oxford, Oxford University Press. http://homoecumenicus. com/ioannidis_ancient_greek_texts. htm, Accessed on June, 15, 2009. http://www. greylodge. org/occultreview/glor_013/433. htm , Accessed on June 15, 2009.

Buddhism Breaks Apart Essay example - 1402 Words

Buddhism Breaks Apart Buddhism is the religion of spiritual enlightenment through the suppressing of one’s worldly desires. Buddhism takes one on the path of a spiritual journey, to become one with their soul. It teaches one how to comprehend life’s mysteries, and to cope with them. Founded in 525 B.C. by Siddhartha Gautama; Theravada Buddhism is the first branch of Buddhism; it was a flourishing religion in India before the invasions by the Huns and the Muslims, and Mahayana Buddhism formed due to new locations, it was altered according to local influences. Buddhists believe that Buddha is not a deity, but just an ideal guide to reach enlightenment in order to get closer to God. Buddha was born of a virgin mother Queen Mayadevi.†¦show more content†¦Traveling the world in search of answers Buddha became exhausted and discouraged; Buddha sat down beneath a papal tree, and vowed that he wouldn’t move until he had reached enlightenment. After forty days without food or water, Buddha finally reached an enlightened state. Buddhism was formed in 525 B.C. when Buddha achieved enlightenment. After obtaining enlightenment, Buddha formed the basic beliefs for his followers. The four noble truths are the early doctrines of Buddhism, Dukhka, Trishna, Nirvana, and Eightfold Path.†(Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th Edition pg 3)† Enlightenment can only be reached through these steps. When one acknowledges suffering to be a part of life, they learn to deal with pain. If one is, suffering then there is always a reason behind it, namely craving or attachment to material objects. There is a cessation or pause of suffering, and that leads to the eightfold path if one has the right view, intentions, speech, actions, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration. During the remaining forty-five years, Buddha spent his life traveling teaching others how to gain enlightenment. During Buddha’s life, his teachings were recorded orally, and it wasn’t until after his death that the teachings were written down. There was confusion in how accurate the text scriptures were, and so out of the eighteen early Buddhist schools Theravada Buddhism was chosen. The Theravada Buddhist school’sShow MoreRelatedHinduism And Buddhism And Hinduism1641 Words   |  7 PagesSo far we’ve learned about Hinduism and Buddhism in India two of the most common religions found in India. One of the many things about learning about different culture is the religion that is come with. Religion is one of the many things that are unique to each and every culture. Religion views are what make a group of individuals come together and form a community. In core 7 we are learning about Hinduism and Buddhism learning about India and their religion views has helped me see the world inRead MoreIndia s Caste System : How Were They Alike?1640 Words   |  7 PagesLinkin g to today†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.pg 5 Buddhism/Hinduism: Compare and Contrast†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..pg 6-7 The Great Emperor: Asoka...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.pg 8-9 Harappa and Mohenjo Daro civilizations: How were they alike? Two civilizations grew along the Indus River about 3000BCE and existed for around 1500 years. These two Indian civilizations were called the Harappan and Mohenjo Daro civilizations. Even though these two were 300 miles apart they still were very alike. Both of theseRead MoreJainas Will Define Samsara As The Exact Same As Buddhists1232 Words   |  5 PagesJains, samsara takes place in a vast but finite universe called the loka. The pressing importance of samsara in Jainism isn’t as clear as it is in Buddhism. Jains rest their belief of samsara on a clean soul (jiva), unlike direct results of karma in Buddhism. For example, the story of Mrgaputra’s plea to his parents, where he begs to no longer be apart of the cycle of birth and rebirth. Mrgaputra says, â€Å"†¦an infinite number of times I have suffered without hope†¦In every kind of existence I have sufferedRead MoreThe Mahayana Buddhist Tradition And The Teachings Of The Bodhisattva1604 Words   |  7 Pagescontemporary view of moral practice. Apart from Buddhist traditions, more contemporary moral theories draw out ideal approaches towards altruistic acts. When speaking of a person performing such acts, we might consider them a ‘do-gooder’, similarly a more controversial do-gooder takes morality to an extreme extent that might be considered ‘saintly’ (in either a secular or non-secular way). What I want to focus on in this paper is the notion of moral theory in Mahayana Buddhism and, in particular, the practicesRead MoreReligion : An Aspect Of Our World1744 Words   |  7 PagesFrancesca Krupp Final Paper Dr. Land-Closson 27 April, 2016 Religion, for many is an aspect of our world that can bring people together, or in many cases, tear people apart. It can cause vast violence, or everlasting peace within civilizations. Religion defines the lives of many, governing how they live and the moral code that they choose to follow. However, Religion to em has always simply been what I was raised in. I grew up a cradle catholic, meaning from the day I took my first breathe, to theRead MoreThe United States1547 Words   |  7 Pagesdecided to take up the discipline called the Middle Path; this is neither pleasure nor pain. He finally started to see results while on the middle path. He sat under a tree called the Bodhi Tree, where he encountered many temptations, before he had a break through, that helped opened his eyes to the realization, he was no longer victim to the suffering of human life. After this he became a Buddha, someone, who has been â€Å"enlightened† or someone who wake up from ignorance that binds peopl e in the sufferingRead MoreWorld Religion Studies of Siddhartha or the Buddha1344 Words   |  5 Pagesenlightenment, but he was not without temptation and disruption. As he sat, he was tempted by The Evil One, Mara, by desire, death, and challenge. Desperate to keep Siddhartha from concentration, Mara used the desire of three goddesses, but failed to break through his meditation. Then, she decided to threaten his life with the destruction of flaming rocks, however, that also did not work, since the rocks became flower petals from Siddhartha’s strong, mystic concentration. Mara’s last disruption was challengingRead MoreThe True Self : The Story Of Nachiketas, By The Katha Upanishad1640 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to Hindu and Buddhist theory, when a person dies, he or she â€Å"is,† because while our physical bodies may cease to exist, the true self – the Atman – is an entity apart from body, mind and soul, which, as Brahman, will always be. In the story of Nachiketas, as told in the Katha Upanishad, a young yogi ventures to the dwelling of Yama, the God of Death, who grants him three boons, or favors, of his choosing. The third favor which Nachiketas asks of Yama, however, is to know the answer to hisRead MoreThe United States Is One Of The Most Culturally Diverse1557 Words   |  7 Pagesfor the body not be disturbed or moved in order to go through the final process of death. In Japan, healthcare related beliefs, values, and perceptions are deeply influence by their religions. The two dominant religions in Japan are Shintoism and Buddhism. Unlike citizens in the United States, Japanese do believe in more than one religion at the same time. In order to understand the background of the Japanese religions, it is necessary to know and understand how it developed. Religion plays a majorRead MoreHuman Nature Is Good Or Bad?1484 Words   |  6 Pagesbad. The assortment of approaches to comprehend human nature is communica ted likewise in various world religions. In Hinduism and Buddhism human nature is somewhat comprehended from the viewpoint of the self as a major aspect of all that seems to be, and given the undertaking of turning into the non-self. Like other pantheistic religions, both Hinduism and Buddhism certify that individuals are identified with all that is and, all the while, how the self is basically divine. Past the exact human

The Role Of The Joint Chief Of Staff Essay - 2076 Words

Role in Foreign Policy The Joint Chief of Staff has played an integral role in shaping foreign policy in the post-9/11 era. The Joint Chief of Staff offers military advice and strategy to the President, Secretary of Defense, Congress, and the National Security Council. In addition, the staff is compromised of the Secretary Army, Secretary of Navy, and the Secretary of Air Force and led by the Chairman of the Joint Chief of Staff . Interests in the Persian Gulf America’s direct involvement in the Persian Gulf began in the early-1990s when Iraqi President Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait. Tensions that were building in the Middle East were unleashed causing a chain reaction over the next decade of violent attacks on Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Israel, the United States, and rebellions within Iraq. After the September 11th attacks, America’s national military strategy shifted from countering belligerent states to â€Å"countering violent extremist organizations that undermine transregional security † of the Persian Gulf. Despite the shift in adversaries, the interests in the Persian Gulf have not shifted since our previous involvement. Currently, the United States military strategy in the Persian Gulf is shaped around three key interests: democracy promotion, peace and stability, and securing an open international economic system. These three interests seek to protect United States’ national security and can be achieved through diplomatic measures. One key interest in the Persian GulfShow MoreRelatedCommanders Intent 1393 Words   |  6 Pagescontrol that integrates all joint warfighting functions. ADM Wesley McDonald, Commander US Atlantic Command (LANTCOM), failed to convey the commander’s intent to the joint force for Operation Urgent Fury. This failure promoted misunderstanding and mutual trust issues among the joint force that affected the integration of joint functions such as intelligence and sustainment. ADM McDonald failed to clearly and concisely convey his commander’s intent express to the joint force. The commander mustRead MoreMilitary Command Relationships1283 Words   |  6 Pagesthat communicate authority and the relationships derived from the structured authority. In a post Katrina analysis a breakdown of command relationships revealed the need for centralized decision-making authority, and an understanding of the military role in domestic emergencies. In hind sight it is necessary to understand how the military command relationships delineate authority, responsibility, and accountability for force protection and execution of the collective mission, by defining command,Read MoreImproving A Universal Nursing Language For Data Collection Essay1501 Words   |  7 Pagessuch as The Joint Commission. The new system adopted must meet patient safety standards as well as protect their health information using the recommended federal guidelines. To provide the evidence bes t practices of safe, effective, efficient care, a team of individuals will evaluate the current and emerging technology offered to the hospitals and define a plan of action to implement the new technology in a well-organized and expedited fashion that will allow nurses, physicians, and staff input to createRead MoreRoot Cause Analysis of the Sentinel Event: The Child Abduction Case1675 Words   |  7 PagesRoot Cause Analysis of the Sentinel Event Abstract This paper highlights a root cause analysis of the sentinel event in a case involving child abduction. It describes the sentinel event in addition to explaining the roles of personnel present during the event. The paper further analyses the obstacles that may slow down efficient relations among the personnel present during the sentinel event. It discusses quality improvement methods used in the root cause analysis by outlining a corrective actionRead MoreEXAM 1 926 Words   |  4 PagesWHICH THE RATED NCO COULD BEST SERVE THE ARMY AT THE CURRENT OR NEXT GRADE CAN THE RATER LIST ON DA FORM 2166-8 PART VB? 3 6 THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN CAREER PROGRESSION PLANS REPRESENTS A BASIC OVERVIEW OF WHICH AREAS? CORE DUTIES; TRANSFORMATION ROLES; RECOMMENDED CAREER MANAGEMENT/SELF DEVELOPMENT 6 WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS AN INTERRELATED SUBSYSTEM OF THE EPMS THAT INVOLVES ACCESSING, PROMOTING, DISTIBUTING, RETAINING, AND TRANSITIONING SOLDIERS TO MEET FORCE STRUCTURE REQUIREMENTS? EVALUATIONS/CAREERRead MoreThe Collapse Of The Soviet Union1686 Words   |  7 Pagesnations. Every president from George H.W. Bush to Obama would mark this issue as a key threat to the nation’s security. The true question is what would each of these presidents do about the threat. Since World War II the United States has filled the role of the â€Å"global police† opposing injustices and neutralizing threats throughout the world, and the threat of devastatingly powerful weapons falling into unstable hands could be treated no differently. With this in mind the question why has the UnitedRead MoreAft Task 3623 Words   |  3 PagesAFT Task 3 As our Joint Commission audit approaches, Nightingale Community Hospital has conducted a tracer patient survey to assess our compliance. The tracer methodology tracks a selected patients care from admission to discharge, allowing us to evaluate our systems of providing care and to ensure that we are meeting the Joint Commissions standards of providing safe, quality healthcare. Our tracer patient was a 67 year old female who presented with a fever and drainage five weeks afterRead MoreOperation Anaconda Case Study1148 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction Operation Anaconda was a subordinate joint combat operation, during Operation Enduring Freedom, (Lyle 2012) to be carried out in the Shahi Kot Valley located in southeastern Afghanistan. Operations planning took place in February of 2002 and was executed from 2-16 March. The operational purpose was to capture or kill, what was reported to be, â€Å"The largest concentration of al Qaeda and Taliban forces in Afghanistan†. Operation AnacondaRead MoreCGSC C308A: Multinational Capabilities and Considerations Paper1090 Words   |  5 Pagesfail to provide necessary resources or continued training, the Afghan National Security Force, or ANSF, can effectively reduce Taliban influence over the region and reinserting themselves as a power in the country. The ANSF must be ready to assume the role of security for their country especially during drawdown and post-2014 time days.  One way this can be accomplished is by â€Å"NATO transitioning from combat-centric to training with foc us at the national level† (NATO, ISAF). A stable political transitionRead MoreCharacteristics Of Command And Control1540 Words   |  7 PagesAttributes of command and control and the integration of joint functions at the operational level proved difficult to achieve during the multinational arrangement involved in the 1943 invasion of Sicily. Although the Combined Chiefs of Staff (CCoS) achieved the objective to invade Sicily, Operation Husky revealed valuable teachable moments and lessons learned regarding lack of grand strategy and unity of effort within the Allied leadership. These valuable lessons reveal the inadequacies in leadership

Social Policy And The Access Of The Judiciary System

What is Social Policy and the link to the Judiciary system Social policy aims to improve human welfare and to meet human needs. Important areas of social policy are wellbeing and welfare, unemployment insurance, pensions, the NHS, social housing, family policy, social care, child protection, crime and criminal justice and labour issues. It was said problems of children who were deprived or abused have been connected closely with issues concerning young offenders (Spicker.uk, 2015).This statement involves various roles from professionals in the judiciary system. Under the Children’s Act 1998 the local authority’s functions where to provide services which support children and their families (Anon, 2015). Social workers would have had involvement during the individual’s young life and have already taken action in order to prevent the abuse therefore preventing young offenders. In turn victim support would support the individual if they are required in a court setting; they will advise if they are feeling worried, nervous or afraid. If an individual becomes a young offender the Youth offending teams within the court support them by; staying in touch with a young person if they’re sentenced in custody, charged with a crime and has to go to court or if a young person is arrested. The youth offending team work closely with the probation services (Gov.uk, 2015). Leeds Crown Court The first impression of the Crown Court building is initially imposing and intimidating; however theShow MoreRelatedIran s State Run Broadcast Media1635 Words   |  7 Pagesoffers a greater spectrum of information and opinions from across the political gamut. The press has traditionally been considered one of the most important campaign tools for candidates, both reformists and conservatives, but also as key resources for access to diverse election news, debates and analyses for Iranian citizens. While the print media generally operated with far greater editorial freedom than the heavily controlled state broadcaster, Iran’s print journalists came under government scrutinyRead MoreThe Issue Of New Zealand1430 Words   |  6 Pagesbecause it is the base of a government on how to govern a country based on it. Having a written constitution in New Zealand will give New Zealanders more access about certain documents on the consitution itself. On the other hand, if New Zealand co ntinuously having an unwritten constitution, the citizen may not have knowledge on it due to limited access on it. This essay will clarify on constitution and what is a written constitution. This essay also covers the need to include the Constitution Act 1986Read MoreEssay On Essential Medicine933 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Essential Medicine should be a right, not a privilege!† This claim is at the heart of the claims making group I researched this quarter: Universities Allied with Essential Medicine (UAEM). This organization strives to fix the social condition of the lack of medicine in third world countries abroad and fight medical patenting that is making medical prices to skyrocket, thus causing inaccessibility of drugs for patients. Experts, like the AMA (American Medical Association) and the FDA (Food and DrugRead MorePersons Deprived of Liberty1523 Words   |  7 Pages2010 National Summit Declaration on Persons Deprived of Liberty Manila, Philippines â€Å"Collaborative Partnership in Enhancing the Dignity of Persons Deprived of Liberty† The participants, representing the Executive Branch, the Legislature, the Judiciary, other public institutions, civil society organizations, faith-based organizations and other partners, AFFIRMING the State’s constitutional obligation and adherence with international laws and covenants to protect and uphold fundamental rightsRead MoreThe Founding Fathers Of Our Constitution Essay1494 Words   |  6 Pagesof our Constitution have made various provisions in the Constitution to maintain an independent judiciary. Articles related to Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles and independent judiciary together provide a firm constitutional basis to the growth of Public Interest Litigation in India. The founding fathers envisaged ‘‘the judiciary as a bastion of rights and justice’’. An independent judiciary lanced with the power of judicial review was the constitutional device chosen to achieve the requiredRead MoreThe Negative Consequences of Discipline1836 Words   |  7 Pagestolerance policies, which have encouraged and led to overcriminalization and the over-intervention of the juvenile justice system. This correlation between zero tolerance measures and the justice system has been termed â€Å"school-to-prison-pipeline†. Zero tolerance has, for the most part, worked; but do we like how it has worked? Although this policy has some benefits, its biggest flaw is that it is disproportionately applied to minorities, a trend that is largely reflected and reinforced in policies. FromRead MoreThe Benefits Of Mining As A Business Opportunities For Investment In Cameroon729 Words   |  3 PagesArabia in 2017. The purpose of the speech was to inform them of the potential and the advantages of investing in the financial sector and particularly the microfinance sector in Cameroon. Purely a Muslim country. So, this presentation will consider the social custom of the Kingdom. I all did ensure my presentation finish well ahead of prayer time. All local participants were informed to dress decently. Speech to contain no religion-related remarks. As a Muslim country alcohol consumption forbidden andRead MoreThe Philip pines : A Great Biodiversity1318 Words   |  6 Pageslegislative, and judiciary branches. Romualdez et.al (2011) distinguishes that the executive branch, which is comprised of the national government agencies and local government, exercises their directorial and supervisory authority over the entire system. The legislative branch, which consists of the Houses of Senate and Congress, allocates the fiscal resources through annual budgets or development funds. The judiciary branch is involved in legal decisions regarding disputes. SOCIAL The DepartmentRead MoreBrazil : Case Study : Brazil1019 Words   |  5 PagesRussia, India, and China. From the 1500’s to the 1930’s, the Brazilian economy relied heavily on the production of primary products for exports. The economy was heavily curbed for three centuries when Portugal implemented an imperial mercantile policy. Brazil gained its independence in 1822. However, Portugal’s influence had a lasting impact for many years to come. Changes started to occur in the late nineteenth century when slavery was abolished and wage labor was adopted. Brazil has a democraticRead MoreGlobalization - Turkey1743 Words   |  7 Pagescontribute decisively to global economic development - inevitable and irreversible. Others are hostile to this process, if not fear, believing that it increases inequality within and between nations, threatens employment and living standards and thwarts social progress. The objective of this study, which is an overview of certain as pects of globalization, is to indicate how a country can take advantage of this process, while realistically assessing the potential and risks. That globalization offers great

Endometritis Free Essays

Postpartum Endometritis Evidence Based Paper March 13, 2012 Endometritis is the inflammation or irritation of the uterus, which is a common post partum complication that occurs in more than 15% of all pregnancies and is currently the leading cause of maternal mortality (Scott amp; Hasik, 2001). When endometritis is not related to pregnancy, it is referred to as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 2010 sexually transmitted diseases treatment guideline defines PID as any combination of endometritis, salpingitis, tubo-ovarian abscess, and pelvic peritonitis. We will write a custom essay sample on Endometritis or any similar topic only for you Order Now From a pathologic perspective, endometritis can be classified as acute versus chronic. Acute endometritis is distinguished by the presence of neutrophils within the endometrial glands. Chronic endometritis is characterized by the presence of plasma cells and lymphocytes within the endometrial stroma. Chronic endometritis in the postpartum or post abortion patient is usually associated with retained products of conception after delivery or abortion. In the nonobstetric population, chronic endometritis has been associated with infections such as chlamydia, tuberculosis, bacterial vaginosis, and the presence of intrauterine devices (Rivlin, 2011). Early-onset postpartum endometritis occurs within two days of delivery, and the late-onset of the disease can occur up to six weeks postpartum. This condition will usually start as a local infection at the placental attachment site and if left untreated, can spread to the entire uterine endometrium (French amp; Smaill, 2004). There are numerous risks associated with this condition, and diagnosis relies heavily on the clinical judgment of the practitioner. The contamination of the uterine cavity with vaginal organisms during labor and delivery causes the disease. Both bacterial and viral infections may initiate endometritis and many of the agents that cause the infection are naturally present in the vagina. This condition arises commonly after delivery because delivery results in tears, rips or incisions in the vagina, cervix or uterus that allow these agents to enter the uterine lining. The infection can have several species of causative agents that can be aerobic or anaerobic flora (French amp; Smaill, 2004). The method of delivery will determine which causative agents prognosticate the possibility of endometritis. For vaginal deliveries, the presence of the organisms associated with bacterial vaginosis or genital cultures positive for aerobic gram-negative organisms can indicate endometritis. In cesarean births, the occurrence of certain bacteria such as group A hemolytic streptococci, staphylococci B, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, or Mycoplasma hominis in amniotic fluid cultures will put the patient at an increased risk for this infection (French amp; Smaill, 2004). With the increasing number of people opting for natural birth methods, including water births, the danger only multiplies. This is because disinfecting procedures as they are carried out before major surgery is usually not practiced in a home environment. Prompt treatment is essential to prevent the spread of the infection through other areas of the body, including the blood. Prolonged infection can be fatal. The immediate postpartum period following birth is a time of increased risk for all women for infection. Microorganisms entering the reproductive tract and migrating into the blood and other parts of the body could result in life threatening septicemia (French amp; Smaill, 2004). Timely diagnosis and aggressive treatment is essential to prevent these complications. Complications of endometritis include infertility, extension of infection to involve the peritoneal cavity with peritonitis, intra-abdominal abscess, and septic pelvic thrombophelbitis. Septic pelvic thrombophelbitis is a condition in which blood clots in one of the pelvic vessels become infected. If untreated it could progress to septic pulmonary emboli, in which the infected blood clots travel to the lungs and lead to death (French amp; Smaill, 2004). Septic shock is a life-threatening systemic infection usually caused by bacteria and on rare occasions follows postpartum endometritis. The bacteria that invade the bloodstream release a substance known as endotoxin, which causes decreased blood pressure, clot formation, major tissue injury, and leakage of fluids. Accordingly, organs may fail because they are not receiving enough blood and nutrients. Fortunately, this condition during pregnancy or in the postpartum period is a rare clinical event (Mazzeffi and Chen, 2010). Major risk factors for obstetric endometritis include the following: Cesarean delivery (especially if before 28 weeks’ gestation), rupture of membranes lasting more than 24 hours, excessively long labors, severely meconium-stained amniotic fluid, manual placental removal, and extremes of patient age. Other threatening factors have been identified in additional studies, including no prior cesarean delivery, preterm or postterm gestation, low infant Apgar scores, antepartum infections, preeclampsia, amnioinfusion, postpartum anemia, the presence of internal monitors, and steroid medications (Olsen, Butler, Willers ;amp; Gilad, 2010). Acute endometritis is typified by the existence of neutrophil cells in the endometrium. Neutrophils are white blood cells with cytoplasmic granules that consume harmful bacteria, fungi, and other foreign materials. Characteristic symptoms of endometritis include abdominal distention or swelling, abnormal vaginal bleeding, abnormal vaginal discharge, fever (100 to 104 degrees Fahrenheit), general discomfort, uneasiness, or ill feeling (malaise), and lower abdominal or pelvic pain (uterine pain). Anemia occurs when a patient’s red blood cell count is lower than 4. -6. 0 million red blood cells per micro liter of blood. Losing large amounts of blood during delivery or prior to delivery may be a contributing factor for a low red blood count, anemia and potentially endometritis. Red blood counts (RBC) are needed to indicate anemia and the sedimentation rate (ESR). The sedimentation rate measures the rate at which red blood cells sediment in a period of 1 hour. It is a common hemato logy test that is a non-specific measure of inflammation, which is evident in endometritis. The diagnosis of postpartum endometritis is based on the presence of fever in the absence of any other cause. Uterine tenderness, purulent or foul-smelling lochia and leukocytosis are common clinical findings used to support the diagnosis of endometritis. Leukocytosis is a raised white blood cell count (the leukocyte count) above the normal range in the blood. The standard definition for puerperal fever used for reporting rates of puerperal morbidity is an oral temperature of 100. 4 degrees centigrade or more on any two of the first ten days postpartum or 101. degrees or higher during the first 24 hours postpartum (French ;amp; Smaill, 2004). Additionally, when the above symptoms occur, urinalysis and urine culture may be done. However, endometrial cultures are rarely indicated because specimens collected through the cervix are usually contaminated by vaginal and cervical flora. A sterile technique with a speculum is used to avoid vaginal contamination, and the sample is sent for aer obic and anaerobic cultures. If fever persists for 48 hours (Some clinicians use a 72-hour cutoff) after endometritis is adequately treated, ther causes such as pelvic abscess and pelvic thrombophlebitis should be considered. Abdominal and pelvic imaging, usually done by CT, is sensitive for abscess but detects pelvic thrombophlebitis only if the clots are large. If the results of the imaging are negative, a trial of heparin is typically begun to treat presumed pelvic thrombophlebitis as a diagnosis of exclusion (Moldenhauer, 2008). Before the advent of the antibiotic era, puerperal fever was an important cause of maternal death. With the use of antibiotics, a sharp decrease in maternal acute postpartum infections has been observed, and it is now accepted that antibiotic treatment for postpartum endometritis is warranted. Intravenous broad-spectrum therapy (cephalsporins, penicillins, or clindamycin and genatmicin) is appropriate for the treatment of endometritis. Regimens with activity against penicillin-resistant anaerobic bacteria are better than those without. There is no evidence that any one regimen is associated with fewer side effects. Once uncomplicated, endometritis has clinically improved with intravenous therapy, and oral therapy is not needed (French, 2003). Furthermore, it is essential that the patient receive supportive care including hydration, rest and pain relief. Antibiotics should be discontinued 24 hours after the patient is asymptomatic. Assessments should be taken of the lochia, vital signs, and changes in the women’s condition continue during treatment (Perry, Hockenberry ;amp; Lowdermilk, 2010). Treatment is usually considered successful after the woman is afebrile for 24 to 48 hours. If the initial antibiotic regimen does not result in resolution of fever and other symptoms within three days, the antibiotic regimen is usually changed. Consideration is also given to the possibility that the woman may have complications requiring specific treatment. The most effective treatment and least expensive treatment of postpartum infection is prevention. Preventative measures include good prenatal nutrition to control anemia and intrapartal hemorrhage. Good maternal perineal hygiene with through hand hygiene is emphasized. Strict adherence to aseptic techniques by all healthcare professionals during childbirth and the postpartum period is very important (Perry, Hockenberry ;amp; Lowdermilk, 2010). Endometritis is usually caused, in the postpartum scenario, because of a deficient care taken to avoid streptococcus and staphylococcus infections in the delivery area. These two bacteria are present on every inch of our skin, and considering that delivery is the one time when the mother’s insides are most exposed, precautionary measures to maintain a sterile environment in the delivery or birthing room should be taken. The benefit of antibiotic therapy for laboring women has been unquestionably established. Intravaginal metronidazole as surgical preparation and oral methylergometrine after delivery are two interventions that show promise as additional prophylactic interventions (French, 2003). Having a baby by Caesarean section is becoming increasingly common, despite the higher risks associated with the surgery compared to a vaginal birth. One important concern is the risk of infection, which is between five and 20 times greater for women who undergo scheduled or emergency Caesarean section. According to the Cochrane Review, â€Å"the single most important risk factor for postpartum maternal infection is Caesarean section. † The review further cited that antibiotics to women undergoing Caesarean section reduced the incidence of fever by 45 percent, wound infection by 39 percent, inflammation of the uterine lining by 38 percent and serious infectious complications for the mother by 31 percent (Nelson, 2010). This approach can significantly lower the risk of endometritis, particularly in women having surgery after extended labor and ruptured membranes. To prevent future infection, most doctors prescribe Cefazolin, which is administered intravenously immediately after the baby’s umbilical cord is clamped. If you are at high risk, a second dose may be given eight hours later (French ;amp; Smaill, 2004). The overall goal for the postpartum client with endometritis is, â€Å"The patient will be free from infection. † Nursing management and general interventions of the patient would include the collection of vaginal and blood cultures, education on handy hygiene, the administration IV antibiotics and analgesics as prescribed. Non-pharmacological interventions include distraction, imagery, relaxation, and application of hot and cold. Non-pharmacological interventions can restore the client’s sense of self-control, personal efficacy, and active participation in her care. It is essential that the information and method of delivery of information be tailored to the specific client and family (French ;amp; Smaill, 2004). Secondary to free from infection, an accurate nursing care plan for a postpartum patient with an with endometritis would include: 1. The patient will follow a specific, mutually agreed upon, healthcare maintenance plan. (The nurse should assume that first-time mothers lack sufficient knowledge regarding condition and treatment diagnosis, and therefore, needs education and specific instructions during the postpartum recovery period). If a mother has given birth to more than one child a review of proper heath care regimens is also justifiable. The new mother should receive instruction pertaining to hygienic care for her perineal area. This care would include changing her perineal pad frequently and washing her hands afterwards. The presence of a wet pad against sutures is an excellent medium for the development of an infection that could potentially spread to the uterus. The use tampons should be prohibited for six weeks after delivery, since tampon use can cause infection or even toxic shock syndrome. It is the nurse’s responsibility to promote adequate rest and encourage a generous intake of nutrients and fluids. The patient will report that pain management regimens achieves comfort function goal without adverse effects (Ackley ;amp; Ladwig, 2011). The nurse should administer comfort measures to ease pain and teach the patient proper understanding of the condition as well as taking measures to correct the complications of endometritis (Perry, Hockenberry ;amp; Lowdermilk, 2010). 2. The patient will maintain oral temperature within adaptive levels (less than 100. 4 degrees). Evaluate the woman’s temperature at the end of the first hour postpartum and then every four hours for the first 22 hours postpartum. Clients with endometritis typically have a fever, chills, general malaise, and may exhibit tachycardia. Oral temperature measurement provides a more accurate temperature than tympanic measurement, auxiliary, or use of a chemical dot thermometer. Use the same site and method device for temperature measurement for a given client so that temperature trends are assessed accurately (Ackley amp; Ladwig, 2011). 3. The patient will report that pain management regimens achieves comfort function goal without adverse effects (Ackley amp; Ladwig, 2011). The importance of prompt reporting of unrelieved pain is the patient’s responsibility. An important step toward improved control of pain is a better client understanding of the nature of pain, its treatment, and the role the client needs to play in pain control (Ackley amp; Ladwig, 2011). Despite the normalcy of childbirth, complications may arise that will have detrimental effects on the postpartum client. These include postpartum hemorrhage, thrombophlebitis, and infections such as endometritis. Healthcare providers working with postpartum clients must have a clear understanding of these complications, including the symptoms, nursing interventions, and treatment. A cognizant nurse would carefully review the results of laboratory tests for signs of anemia, infection, and electrolyte imbalance. Blood cultures to identify the causative agents of potential infections are typically done, and white blood cell (WBC) counts are monitored. However, it is important to remember that the white blood cell count is normally elevated after delivery for a short period; continued monitoring of the WBC count is required in identifying endometritis (French, L. , amp; Smaill, F. M, 2004). Nearly 90% of women treated with an approved regimen note improvement in 48-72 hours. Delay in initiation of antibiotic therapy can result in systemic toxicity. Endometritis is associated with increased maternal mortality due to septic shock. However, mortality is rare in the United States because of aggressive antimicrobial management. Most cases of endometritis, including those following cesarean delivery, should be treated in an inpatient setting. For mild cases following vaginal delivery, oral antibiotics in an outpatient setting may be adequate (French, L. amp; Smaill, F. M, 2004). References Ackley, B. J. , amp; Ladwig, G. B. (2011). Nursing diagnosis handbook: An evidence-based guide to planning care. (9th ed. , pp. 47,426-429,446-449,600-604). St. Louis, Missouri: Mosby Elsevier. French, L. (2003). Prevention and treatment of postpartum endometritis. Current Women’s Health Reports, 3(4), 274-279. Retrieved from http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/12844449 French, L. , amp; Smaill, F. M. (2004). Antibiotic regimens for endometritis after delivery. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Retrieved from http://www. rw. interscience. wiley. com/Cochrane/clsysrev /articles/CD001067/frame. html Mazzeffi, M. A. (2010). Severe postpartum sepsis with prolonged myocardial dysfunction: A case report by michael a. mazzeffi and katherine t. chen. Journal of Medical Case Reports, (4), 318. Retrieved from http://www. jmedicalcasereports. com/content/4/1/318 Moldenhauer, J. S. (2008, November). Puerperal endometritis. Retrieved from http://www. merckmanuals. com/professional/gynecology_and_obstetrics/postpartum_care_and_associated_disorders/puerperal_endometritis. tml Nelson, C. B. (2010, January 22). Routine antibiotic use reduces mothers’ infection risk from c- section. Health Behavior News Service. Retrieved from http://www. physorg. com/news183387263. html Olsen, M. A. , Butler, A. M. , Willers, D. M. , amp; Gilad, A. G. (2010). Risk factors for e ndometritis after low transverse cesarean delivery. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 31(1), 69-77. Retrieved from http://www. jstor. org. proxy. li. suu. edu:2048/stable/10. 1086/649018 Perry, S. E. , Hockenberry, M. J. amp; Lowdermilk, D. L. (2010). Maternal child nursing care. (4th ed. , pp. 586-587). Maryland Heights, MO: Mosby. Pillitteri, A. (1999) Maternal amp; Child Health Nursing, (3rd ed. pp. 789-792). Philadelphia: PA: Lippincott. Rivlin, M. E. (2011, June 14) Endometritis. Retrieved from http://emedicine. medscape. com/article/254169-overview Scott, L. D. , amp; Hasik, K. J. (2001). The similarities and differences of endometritis and pelvic inflammatory disease. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, amp; Neonatal Nursing, 30(3), 332-41. How to cite Endometritis, Papers

Business Organisational Policy

Questions: Task 1Discuss the ways in which companies, like the ones mentioned in the extract above, that sourced clothes from the Rana Plaza can help improve business practices to prevent recurrence of events of this nature.Task 2Choose any company, research and evidence how they operate ethically, taking into account their approach to consumerism, values and environmental friendliness. Answers: Introduction The business report is based on a number of concepts in the industries having a number of businesses operating in their corresponding fields. The report focuses on the ethical practices in the workplace of various organisations in a number of industries including the garments industry. The ethical practices described in the report allow us to understand and analyse the situations which requires the help of the ethical guidelines in the workplace of the organisation. The report focuses on the significance of ethical practices in the workplace of the organisation and its requirements in the workplace of the organisation (Jennings, 2014). The concept of business ethics is associated by the concept of ethical consumerism, which defines the activities of the consumers of buying products and services manufactured in ethical way. The report also focuses on different forms of ethical consumerism such as positive buying and moral boycott. This report also takes the accident in the workplace o f Rana Plaza into consideration, which allows us to understand and analyse the factors involved in the corresponding accident in the workplace of Rana Plaza. The report also analyses the situations which allows a number of organisations dealing with organisations like Rana Plaza operating in the garments industries to avoid similar accidents in the future (Shaw, 2013). Task 1 The report describes regarding some recommendations in this section which allows organisations dealing with other organisations like Rana Plaza to avoid the reoccurrence of the accident in the workplace of Rana Plaza. An accident caused 1134 people to be killed and 2500 people to be injured on 24th April, 2013. This accident happened in Savar, Bangladesh due to a building collapsing on top of the garment workers working in the factories of Rana Plaza. There are a number of factors which are associated to such an accident in the workplace which could be considered to effectively avoid similar situations in the future. This section of the report describes a number of courses of actions and recommendations for the organisations operating in the garments industries and dealing with the garments industry in order to avoid similar situations (Hoffman, 2014). Business ethics Business ethics can be defined as a concept which allows the individuals and groups of individuals working in various business functions across the organisation to follow the organisational guidelines and stay away from any kind of unnecessary and unfair activities in the workplace. Business ethics can also be defined as the framework which allows the individuals and groups of individuals in the workplace of the organisation to behave in an equal and fair manner with the others operating in the same workplace and same industry. This can also be defined as the study of a number of ethical issues and problems which are possible in the workplace of an organisation operating in any industry (Ferrell, 2014). The concept of business ethics plays a very essential and important role in maintaining the ethical practices in the workplace of the organisation. The maintenance of business ethics in the workplace of the organisation helps the individuals to take ethical and effective decision in c ase of any ethical dilemma in the workplace of the organisation. The report focuses on the maintenance of business ethics in the workplace of Rana Plaza and other similar organisations operating in the garments industry. Ethical consumerism Ethical consumerism can be defined as the role of the consumers in maintaining business ethics in the workplace of the organisation. This can be defined as the process in which the consumers in the market make the buying decisions ethically and by considering the ethical situations in the workplace of the organisation. This allows the consumers to support and prefer the products of the organisations operating in ethical manner. As mentioned in the previous section, ethical consumerism could be defined in a number of categories and forms which in turn suggests the preferences and buying behaviour of the existing and potential customers in the market of the organisation (Ferdous, 2014). Recommendations This section of the report provides a number of recommendations to the organisations similar to the Rana Plaza and the organisations transacting with other organisations like Rana Plaza. These recommendations allow the organisations to avoid situations similar to the accident which occurred in the workplace of Rana Plaza. Organisations similar to the Rana Plaza should focus on following some of these recommendations to improve their practices. The management of the organisations should develop and implement effective business ethics guidelines in the workplace of the organisation, which in turn allows the organisation to maintain business ethics in the workplace (DesJardins, 2014). The management of the organisations should try to increase the awareness of the employees and the senior shareholders regarding the business ethics and CSR practices of the organisations (Randall, 2013). The organisations should focus on the maintenance of transparency in the workplace of the organisation, which defines the free flow of information through the workplace and entire hierarchy of employees in the organisation. The transparency between the employees and management of the organisation allows the maintenance of business ethics in the workplace, which in turn allows the business practices of the organisations to be improved (Papaoikonomou, 2011). One of the biggest factors in improving the CSR and business practices of an organisation is the maintenance of fairness and equality among the employees working in various business functions. If the management is fair and equal to all the employees, then the quality of the business practices is improved. The management of the organisation should also focus on enhancing the corporate social activities by involving more stakeholders of the organisation and engaging more employees of the organisation in a number of corporate social activities. The management of the organisation should also ensure the maximum compliance of the employees to the ethical guidelines in the workplace of the organisation by closely monitoring and reviewing the actions of the employees (Qiu, 2013). The organisations making transactions with the organisations similar to Rana Plaza could follow some of the recommendations mentioned in this section to avoid situations similar to the one transpired in the workplace of Rana Plaza. The organisations doing transactions with organisations similar to Rana Plaza should ensure ethical consumerism. The consideration of these organisation of the ethical consumerism requires the organisations to consume the products and services of the organisation having the business ethics in the workplace. The business ethics and proper review of the activities allow the organisations to avoid situations similar to the accident occurred in the workplace of Rana Plaza (Solomonm, 2012). The organisations transacting with the organisations similar to the Rana Plaza should ensure that various business transactions and activities between both the organisations to be reviewed and monitored at each stage of the process. Task 2 This section of the report focuses on the analysis of the operating model of Nike in terms of their compliance to ethical practices, ethical consumerism, environmental friendliness and values. This section also allows us to identify and analyse these factors in the workplace of Nike, which focuses on business ethics and ethical consumerism. Ethical consumerism The operational model of Nike focuses on the establishment and maintenance of business ethics and ethical practices in the workplace of the organisation, which in turn affects the buying behaviour of the consumers. The ethical consumerism in the market of operation of Nike allows the consumers to buy products and services from the organisations having ethics implemented and utilised in the workplace of the organisation (Randall, 2013). Values This section describes some of the essential and major values associated with the business model of the organisation in terms of its workplace and various business operations in the workplace. Employee engagement and development Nike ensures that the skills and talent of the employees are enhanced regularly which allows them to maximise their throughput and performance in various business functions of the organisation. This is done by the management by channelizing the human resources in the organisation through a number of activities of engagement, training and development. All of these activities in the workplace of Nike allows the employees to regularly enhance their skills and learn new skills (De George, 2011). Fairness The management of Nike focuses on treating each of the employees in the workplace as equals which in turn allows the employees to be confident and more involved in the business model of the organisation. This in turn allows them to have more throughput and efficiency, which enhances the overall performance of the organisation. Working environment The management of Nike ensures the creation and maintenance of a positive working environment in the workplaces of the organisation by having good relations with the employees and focusing on various rights of the employees in the workplace of the organisation (Davies, 2012). Environmental friendliness The management of Nike also invests a number of resources in the process of maintaining the friendliness of the business processes with the environment of the organisation. The environment friendliness of the business model of Nike is based on a concept of 3Rs. The 3Rs concept for environmental friendliness allows the management of the organisation to reduce the activities which damage the environment, reuse the components of the business model which can minimise the damages to the environment and recycle the by-products of the business model of the organisation (Qiu, 2013). The management of Nike also tries to maintain the environmental friendliness by focusing on a number of projects and programs allowing the sustainable development. The concept of eco-friendly business followed by Nike allows the management of the organisation to be focused on the processes of making the entire business model to causes minimal damages to the environment of the organisation. The management of Nike is investing a lot of resources in a number of programs to achieve and maintain an eco-friendly business (Bucic, 2012). Conclusion The report is based on a number of essential factors in the workplace of any of the organisations in any of the industries around the world. The initial parts of the report were focused on the accident that occurred in the workplace of Rana Plaza due to poor maintenance and compliance. These sections of the report focused on a number of solutions and recommendations which could allow the organisations like Rana Plaza to improve their business practices and corporate social responsibilities which in turn allows them to have better efficiency and throughput in the corresponding industry of operation (De George, 2011). This section allowed us to analyse some of the factors which led to the accident in the workplace of Rana Plaza and the factors which should be taken into consideration to avoid similar issues in the future. Some of the sections of the report focused on the operational and business model of Nike in terms of business ethics and ethical consumerism. These sections of the re port allowed us to identify and analyse various factors of the business model of Nike which allows the establishment and maintenance of business ethics in the workplace of the organisation. The report also describes the way in which the business ethics in the workplace of the organisation leads to ethical consumerism by the consumers in the corresponding market (Chell, 2014). Recommendations This section of the report provides a number of recommendations to the garment businesses which source materials to the clothing manufacturers across the globe. These recommendations allow these garment businesses across the world to improve their business activities and avoid similar accidents in the future (White, 2012). The management should ensure the compliance of all the employees with the ethical guidelines and practices in the workplace of the organisation, which in turn allows them to increase the quality and efficiency of the business processes of the organisation. The management should also implement effective business systems to review and monitor the business processes to ensure the efficiency and effectiveness of the security systems and protective programs (Bray, 2012). References Bray, J., Johns, N., Kilburn, D. 2011. An exploratory study into the factors impeding ethical consumption. Journal of Business Ethics, 98(4), 597-608. Bucic, T., Harris, J., Arli, D. 2012. Ethical consumers among the millennials: A cross-national study. Journal of Business Ethics, 110(1), 113-131. Chell, E., Spence, L. J., Perrini, F., Harris, J. D. 2014. Social Entrepreneurship and Business Ethics: Does Social Equal Ethical?. Journal of Business Ethics, 1-7. Davies, I. A., Lee, Z., Ahonkhai, I. 2012. Do consumers care about ethical-luxury?. Journal of Business Ethics, 106(1), 37-51. De George, R. T. 2011. Business ethics. Pearson Education India. DesJardins, J. R., McCall, J. J. 2014. Contemporary issues in business ethics. Cengage Learning. Ferdous, J., Aziz, M. N. 2014. Consumer Perception, Behavioral Gap, and Response to Ethical Business: The UK Perspective. Journal of International Business Ethics Vol, 7(2). Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J. 2014. Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases. Cengage learning. Hoffman, W. M., Frederick, R. E., Schwartz, M. S. (Eds.). 2014. Business ethics: Readings and cases in corporate morality. John Wiley Sons. Jennings, M. 2014. Business ethics: Case studies and selected readings. Cengage Learning. Papaoikonomou, E., Ryan, G., Ginieis, M. 2011. Towards a holistic approach of the attitude behaviour gap in ethical consumer behaviours: Empirical evidence from Spain. International Advances in Economic Research, 17(1), 77-88. Qiu, J. I. N. 2013. Introduction to Ethics for Marketing Managemnet in the Medium-sized and small Enterprises. Logistics Engineering and Management, 1, 050. Randall, D. M., Gibson, A. M. 2013. Methodology in Business Ethics Research: A Review and Critical Assessment. In Citation Classics from the Journal of Business Ethics (pp. 191-211). Springer Netherlands. Shaw, W. 2013. Business ethics: A textbook with cases. Cengage Learning. Solomon, M., Russell-Bennett, R., Previte, J. 2012. Consumer behaviour. Pearson Higher Education AU. White, K., MacDonnell, R., Ellard, J. H. 2012. Belief in a just world: Consumer intentions and behaviors toward ethical products. Journal of Marketing, 76(1), 103-118.